A Critical Interpretation of Hans Kung?s Historical Analysis of the Dev

A Critical Interpretation of Hans Kung’s Historical Analysis of the Development of the Hierarchical Church      The beginnings of the Christian church are covered in puzzle. With the absence of proof about that time ever, it is difficult to reach inferences of any sort. Nonetheless, the recorded investigator, Hans Kung, has composed a book to reveal some insight into the subject. In this book, Kung talks about his supposition on the improvement of the early church, and its various leveled structure. In the accompanying paper, I will address two of the sections of Kung’s book, â€Å"The Beginnings of the Early Church† and â€Å"The Early Catholic Church†. The focuses that I will concentrate on are: The cosmetics and oppression of the early church network and why it was that way, and how, as indicated by Kung, the organizers of Catholicism conflicted with how Jesus needed the congregation to be administered by building up a chain of command.      The Christian church, as per Kung, started at Pentecost. At the point when the Holy Spirit went to the messengers and instructed them to go out and lecture the lessons of Jesus it implied that the witnesses could guarantee a personality separate from Judaism. Most of the main Christians were Jews from Jerusalem that accepted that Jesus was the Messiah vowed to the Jews in the Hebrew Testament and they trusted in the revival. â€Å"The most punctual Christian people group didn't need in any capacity to leave the Jewish people group or country, however to stay coordinated into Judaism.†(P. 13). The distinctions in the convictions of the Jews and the Jewish-Christians normally made a partition in the two gatherings. At the point when the Christian pupils began going out and lecturing their confidence to individuals, the Roman Empire considered them to be a danger to their capacity and concluded that Christianity would need to be halted. Since Christianity and Judai sm were one, the two best approaches to abuse the Christians was to execute their pioneers, and to obliterate the Jewish spots of love. After the Romans consumed the Temple of Jerusalem for the subsequent time, a chamber of Pharisees concluded that the Christians were to be expelled from the Jewish sanctuary.      If not for the early association with the Jewish confidence, the Christian religion could never have set up as a significant religion. Having one God, called monotheism, was too radi... ... what they thought, there would be no excess in the lives of the congregation authorities. Moreover, if the congregation really put stock in what Jesus instructed, they would not be evading the support of ladies in the congregation; rather, they would grasp all the individuals that genuinely wished to take an interest in the occupation of a minister or any situation in the congregation besides.      In end, the early Christian church had its issues in who was acknowledged into the new confidence and why they were mistreated for it. This was on the grounds that, during the stature of the Roman Empire, any gathering of individuals that could be perilous to Roman belief system would not go on without serious consequences, and the Romans would endeavor to end it. These oppressions of the Christians, nonetheless, reinforced, not debilitated the Christian church to a point that there would be no real way to scatter the network of adherents. The primary explanation that the congregation remained together as it did was a direct result of the early foundation of a progression, which, while Kung hypothesizes, would not be the way that Jesus would have needed the congregation to be administered, worked in setting up the Christian people group into a world religion.

Where Have All the Booklovers Gone Free Essays

here Have All the Booklovers Gone? Where have All the Book Lovers gone? By William B. Ongsitco (www. thenewstoday. We will compose a custom exposition test on Where Have All the Booklovers Gone? or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now data, September 11, 2008) In my discussions with guardians in the school where I work, one of the most loved subjects is encouraging among the youngsters the adoration for perusing. For some of them, this is a genuine concern. In an age immersed by iPods, internet games, and media barrage, it isn't unexpected to see book darlings getting lesser and lesser. In any case, pause, does it truly pay to be a youthful understanding fan? Ok, there’s no uncertainty about it. Approach any educator who has instructed for at any rate a year and he can guarantee you that book sweethearts have a bleeding edge that causes them a lot in achieving their scholastic requests. For instructors, wide perusers improve in school contrasted and the individuals who basically get their reading material in light of the fact that there’s going to be a test the following day. | It’s fascinating how a few guardians figured out how to bring up kids who take incredible get a kick out of perusing. Here are a portion of their privileged insights. Peruse to your children. Shrewd guardians begin perusing to their kids when the last can acknowledge stories. What's more, they read to them at whatever point there’s a chance. They present to their children stories, kiddy sonnets, limericks and even the small words on sweets wrappers. While riding in a jeepney or a transport, they open to their kids the implications of the words they see around the city-on stores, structures, inns, and some more. Along these lines, little youngsters start to see the marvels behind the words they experience regular. It is significant anyway that when we read stories to youngsters, we do it with showy energy and motions. Kids will cherish perusing in the event that they see that the individuals who realize how to peruse take thoroughly enjoy doing as such. Permit yourself to be seen perusing by your kids. Children flourish in models. This is a rule that all guardians have found in their own youngsters. Truth be told this is the way extremely small children acclimatize language-by oblivious impersonation. What's more, if a youngster sees that father and mother normally invest some energy perusing regular, the possibility that the kid would get the propensity for perusing is a lot more prominent contrasted and a kid who only occasionally observes his folks going over a writing. Constant perusing at that point is something admirably worth obtaining with respect to the guardians regardless of whether just to enable their youngsters to grow early love for books and magazines. Educate your children regarding the most recent book you’re perusing. It is in reality an extraordinary thought to share them the most recent stories we’ve read. At the point when youngsters see that books are wellsprings of magnificent data, their perusing interest is uplifted. Also, there are endless of chances for the sharing. One can do this while taking a dinner, walking around a sea shore, or even while doing a task with a kid. Incidentally, it would be useful for guardians to find out about issues that intrigue their youngsters. For example, if a kid is extremely inquisitive about dinosaurs, it is prudent that guardians set out to find out about this theme and tell their child that they have gotten the data from a specific book. It is practically certain that the kid will get that book to fulfill every one of his interests about dinosaurs. Have a lot of fascinating and great books at home. While any pieces of literature can assist kids with figuring out how to peruse, it is greatly improved to open them to esteem loaded books and magazines. Along these lines, we hit two flying creatures with one stone-they figure out how to peruse and they become acquainted with what is correct and what's going on. Guardians must be extra cautious with the perusing materials that enter their homes. Indeed, even the apparently harmless youngster magazines may really contain data that can subvert the qualities you show your kids. Similarly, let us remember again the enthusiasm of the kids as we select the books we will show at home. Manage TV survey and playing of computer games. This last exhortation is extremely urgent. Ongoing perusing of books and dependence on TV or computer games are inconsistent. Youngsters who are regularly found bolted to their TV or whose lone pleasure is going through a really long time playing PC games frequently think that its extremely hard to build up the propensity for perusing. The clarification is basic. The majority of the kiddy shows, for example, kid's shows don't energize supported focus on kids. Huge numbers of the projects we see on TV are essentially there to give unadulterated amusement. Dissimilar to perusing which regularly requires center, dynamic reasoning and exertion to envision, the majority of the TV programs just require detached review. A significant part of the data are transmitted through showy pictures and energizing sounds. Also, when children are accustomed to getting data along these lines, and sure enough computer games are remembered for this class, at that point they discover perusing truly exhausting. All these down to earth counsel my expect guardians to change a portion of their own propensities. Yet, considering the extraordinary advantages they could bring to the entire family, modifying a portion of our practices is unquestionably worth all the exertion. The most effective method to refer to Where Have All the Booklovers Gone?, Essay models

The Importance of a Childs Social Identity

The Importance of a Child's Social Identity Depression Childhood Depression Print The Importance of a Childs Social Identity Social Roles Play an Important Part in the Way Children Feel About Themselves By Lauren DiMaria linkedin Lauren DiMaria is a member of the Society of Clinical Research Associates and childhood psychology expert. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren DiMaria Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 03, 2020 Kevin Dodge / Blend Images / Getty Images More in Depression Childhood Depression Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Types Suicide Childhood is an important period of social development, particularly in the formation of social identity, or a persons sense of who they are based upon group affiliations. For some children, the way they feel about themselves and their social identities may contribute to their vulnerability to depression. Depression is a complex condition influenced by a range of factors, but there is evidence that social factors can play a critical role. What Is Social Identity? Every child has a social identity, which is how we perceive our various roles in society in relation to others. Whether it is through social position, culture or ethnicity, interests, achievements, or beliefs, children derive a sense of pride, self-worth, and consistency from their social identities. When social identity is rapidly changed, threatened, or questioned, a child may become vulnerable to depression. The People Around Us In order to have a social identity, we need people around us to confirm or deny. In order to identify as Kellys best friend, Kelly must confirm it. The people around us also influence our social identities and the way we feel about ourselves. If a child is very shy and withdrawn, it is likely that other children will pick up on that childs social cues and leave them alone, thus confirming the childs social identity as shy and withdrawn. In turn, the child may lack satisfaction in their social role, feel lonely, or become frustrated trying to break free from that identity. Social Development in Early Childhood Why Social Identity Matters Social identity allows people to be part of groups and gain a sense of belonging in their social world. These identities play an important role in shaping self-image.   The more people identify with a particular group, the more that group plays a role in shaping how people feel about themselves. Being a member of that group becomes important for how a person regards themselves and their abilities, so gaining status within the group can help people feel more confident, satisfied, and respected. When people are depressed, they tend to experience social withdrawal. Studies have found that social factors can also be important causes of depression.?? For example, research has shown that periods of loneliness are predictive of the onset of depression.?? Social identification is important because it influences how people see themselves and how they interact with others. If people have a positive view of their identity within a group, they are more likely to relate well to others in that group and feel positive emotions about themselves. Researchers suggest that other important benefits of social identity include:   It helps foster prosocial actions like caring for other receiving social supportIt helps satisfy the psychological need for esteem from othersIt provides people a sense of belongingness within a social group?? Everyone Is Different But not all children who experience changes or threats to their social identities will experience depression. Instead, it is thought that those who identify with a limited number of social roles are more at risk of developing depression when a role is lost or threatened. For example, a child who only sees themselves as a star soccer player may experience discomfort and a sense of loss if they suddenly become injured and is unable to play soccer anymore. The child may lose their status as a star athlete, spend less time with their teammates and friends, and ultimately may see a decrease in their self-esteem, which opens the door for depression. This is not to say that a child cannot develop a new social identity, but it simply highlights the importance of how a child views themselves in relation to the world around them. How to Support Your Childs Identity As a parent, you can support your childs social roles by acknowledging what and who is important to them. Try not to place too much emphasis on any one single social role. Instead, encourage them to try new and different things, and remind them of the other important roles that they play in life, like child, grandchild, sibling, cousin, student, community member, teen advocate, neighbor, etc. It is normal for your child to feel sad after a disappointment or the loss of a significant relationship, but if you notice that your child is showing symptoms of depression, seek advice from their pediatrician or other mental health providers. Signs to Watch Out For Some signs that your child may be having social problems or symptoms of depression include: Losing interest in activities they once lovedSleeping more or less than normalHaving trouble concentrating on school workEating more or less than normalExpressing feelings of sadness or hopelessnessBeing more irritable than usualBecoming isolated from friends or family If any of these symptoms have been going on for more than two weeks, it may be time to consult your pediatrician or mental health professional. Signs and Symptoms of Childhood Depression

The History of Tobacco and How It Effects Our Lives Essay

Tobacco The word tobacco was originally derived from Tabaco, the Spanish word for taino (Carson 1). In the first century, American Indians began using tobacco in many ways, including religion and medicine (â€Å"History of Tobacco† 1). Taino was what the Natives in America called tobacco rolls. When Columbus arrived in the West Indies, he found inhabitants smoking rolls of tobacco, called taino (Carson 1). He was offered dried tobacco leaves as a gift from the natives (â€Å"History of Tobacco† 1). The natives believed that ‘drinking smoke’, or the act of smoking taino, was relaxing. Columbus took seeds from the tobacco plants and the Spanish colonies began cultivating the plant in large quantities. The first time tobacco was commercially†¦show more content†¦Pro-tobacco marketing more than doubles the chances of teens to start smoking (â€Å"Tobacco Industry Marketing† 2). Since millions of people smoke, many teams perceive it as an act th at is not harmful. Also, many teens consider smoking an act of rebellion; a way to get back at someone or something (Ayer 15-17). About 23 percent of all high school students currently smoke. About 80 percent of adult smokers started smoking before their 18th birthday, and 4,000 teens try smoking for the first time a day. Of these 4,000 teens, around 1,000 of them will become regular smokers (â€Å"Nicotine Dependence Center† 5). False advertising to minors implies that it is possible to quit smoking at any given time (Tobacco Industry Marketing† 2). Since the bodies of teens are still growing, tobacco is the most harmful to them (Ayer 22). Smoking at an earlier age also makes it harder for teens to quit (â€Å"Tobacco Industry Marketing† 1). As the American Lung Association explains, â€Å"†¦ tobacco company marketing efforts are largely occurring without an effective, well-funded state tobacco control program to respond† (1). Throughout the years, m en have been advertised cigarettes in many different ways. In the last 100 years, tobacco has been socially promoted through media such as movies, television, and advertisement (Carson 3). Although not all tobacco advertisements are unethical, adsShow MoreRelatedEssay Cash Crop: The Silent Killer847 Words   |  4 Pagesbecome the root of all evil in our society. Money actually propagates inequality because of the selfishness it promotes in humanity. Tobacco Companies’ love of money causes them to continue to promote and sell tobacco products even though these products are excessively harmful to their customers. During advertising campaigns, tobacco advertisers research people most likely to use their product and target that audience by mentioning the positives of using tobacco. Tobacco companies attempt to sell theirRead MoreWhy Marijuana Should Be Legalized Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesTable of Contents I. Introduction to Cannabis II. 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During myRead MoreAnalysis Of Wolfgang Schivelbuschs Tastes Of Paradise1075 Words   |  5 PagesIn this book, Tastes of Paradise, Wolfgang Schivelbusch, takes us through the history of the most familiar substances used in the central ages such as tobacco, tea, alcohol, opium, coffee and chocolate. Schivelb usch talks about how those substances have been first introduce to the Western nations and the way they have become acquainted and how they affected the festive shape of these international locations. It doesn’t really talk about the substances themselves, but instead their conversable relyRead More Using Nazi Tactics Against Smokers936 Words   |  4 Pagesmarriages during the 1920s one of the spouses was Gentile. During World War I, Jewish-American publications were investigated and prosecuted by the U.S. Government for writing favorably about Germany, a nation at war with the U.S. Much of German history has been one of racial toleration. 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NotRead Moreâ€Å"Cigarettes† A Death Product of Tobacco Industry should be Banned1544 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Cigarettes† A Death Product of Tobacco Industry should be Banned In the present age smoking cigarettes has emerged out as a fashion, especially in our teenagers. Quiet often, a boy or a girl can be seen puffing around on streets proudly. Their parents try their best to refrain them, yet all in vain. They are unaware of the possibility that most will find it very hard to give up this addiction. Alike the young, adults smoke far too often for a reasonable human being, indifferent to the consequencesRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1315 Words   |  6 Pagesstates while alcohol and tobacco continues to claim thousands of lives every year (n.d). Don’t get the wrong idea, this is not to persuade you into thinking that smoking weed or eating a marijuana brownie does not have its disadvantages. However the idea is to get you to understand and see that smoking marijuana is no difference than choosing to smoke tobacco or drink alcohol. Why have marijuana been labeled such a bad drug when the effects of the available and legal tobacco and alco hol, continuesRead MoreGlobalization And The Global Tobacco Industry1634 Words   |  7 PagesAuthor Peter Benson’s ethnography Tobacco Capitalism: Growers, Migrant Workers, and the Changing Face of a Global Industry, provides and extensive examination into the lives of tobacco famers residing in North Carolina and the global tobacco industry as it undergoes profound changes though facets such as globalization, industrialization, the anti-tobacco movement, and debates over immigration. The seventh most valuable agricultural commodity in the United States; tobacco is a $1.5 billion dollar industryRead MoreCigarette Smoking Should Not Be Banned1528 Words   |  7 PagesShould cigarette smoking be banned for everyone in the United States? Why? Why not? Should those who chose their time smoking to relieve stress, personal enjoyment, or simply just because, have to lose their right to what makes them happy? Smoking tobacco products has been around for decades and in many differe nt forms. Should personal rights be pushed aside to please those around us that disagree with the so called â€Å"disgusting habit†? In the paper The Washington Times an article caught my interest

Kimberle Crenshaw’s “The Intersection of Race and Gender” Free Essays

Kimberle Crenshaw’s arguments and research in â€Å"The Intersection of Race and Gender† offer an insightful and probing look into the state of women of color in the current racial and gender climate of our culture.   Her main point, that women of color experience both their race and their gender together in a way that is NOT mutually exclusive, as they are so often treated, and are informed one by the other and as they occur simultaneously, is one that almost sparks a flippant attitude of â€Å"No kidding.† When the argument is first introduced, it seems to simple and so self-evident as to be self-explanatory (and taken for granted); at first it almost seems like a waste of time to be delving into something so painfully obvious. We will write a custom essay sample on Kimberle Crenshaw’s â€Å"The Intersection of Race and Gender† or any similar topic only for you Order Now    However, through her very thorough research and her carefully pieced argument which clearly shows how â€Å"X† relates to â€Å"Y† relates to â€Å"Z,† Crenshaw is able to take something that does indeed seem like it should be plainly obvious and more or less proves, as much as it can be â€Å"proven,† that even still today race and gender are not given the adequate attention the two together deserve. As Crenshaw is painstaking to point out, both issues—issues of race and gender, that is—receive quite a bit of popular attention in our current culture climate.   In fact, the issues have been made so big that they are difficult to contain in any one argument. Nowadays, so many things become either an issue of race or an issue of gender, it is difficult to discern which issues legitimately need to be addressed by these â€Å"isms† and which have simply been lumped into them by sheer popular appeal (i.e., race and gender issues are the new hot-button â€Å"It† topic—if any discussion is going to occur on the large-scale mainstream popular platform of the media, one of the two had better be involved).   However, through all of this seeming social desire to focus so much on gender and race, the fact that the two can also intersect and create a whole new array of complicated issues for a person and a culture seems to have been totally missed. That last little bit is my own digression, and not part of Crenshaw’s argument; this is simply what struck me as so entirely shocking.   While we’ve been so caught up discussing race and gender, we’ve completely missed the discussion of race with gender.   Crenshaw has a plethora of information and examples to cite which show how race with gender has been entirely neglected by everyone, including the antiracists (who predominantly serve black men) and the feminists (who predominantly serve white women). Here, Crenshaw further contains the overall argument into speaking strictly in terms of violence against women, and how violence against women of color is treated and viewed as being the same as violence against women in general, completely ignoring the deeper-lying complications of layers of different of social structures which affect women of color that DO NOT affect white women (something that, if women of color are to be treated in a way that is beneficial and acknowledging of them and their plights, simply cannot be ignored). Again, Crenshaw brings so much â€Å"evidence† to the table that her point rings loud and clear: the separate and distinct plights of women of color are not recognized by any other vocal group as being anything noteworthy.   And this attitude further perpetuates this belief of their own negligible experiences in the minds of those very same women of color.   And so is the vicious cycle. I found Crenshaw’s essay to be extremely culturally important and incredibly relevant.   For as much as antiracist and feminist groups preach about â€Å"Otherness,† they too are guilty of â€Å"Othering† in order to further their own causes (or, worse than â€Å"Othering,† just flat-out ignoring). Any effective kind of identity politic must be informed by all aspects of a person’s identity; not just race, and not just gender (or, for that matter, class, religion, sexual orientation, age, profession, education, employment history, disability, proclivity to heart disease, or anything else), but a combination of all the various intricacies that creates a person’s identity.   To separate one out makes a person no less of the other, and the only way to truly address them is to do so in a way that accommodates how they all come together to form their own separate and unique experience.   Perhaps this is where the postmodernists really got it right: identity is fluid, after all. How to cite Kimberle Crenshaw’s â€Å"The Intersection of Race and Gender†, Essay examples

The Role of the High Court in Australias system of government

Introduction The Australian High Court is the highest independent judicial arm of the government, which is also a significant feature of Australia’s liberal-democratic governance (Patapan, 2010, p. 167; Banks, 2007, p. 16).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of the High Court in Australia’s system of government specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main functions of this court include interpreting and applying the Australian constitution, solving cases regarding the federal system of governance such as instances where the constitutional validity of the laws is challenged, and officiating appeal cases (Singleton et al., 2009, p.64). However, in the recent past, there have been arguments over the court’s role in the shifting balance of power, which tends to favor the Commonwealth. As a result, there is the need to look into the factors underlying this shift in the balance of power and the relevant constitutional interpretations since the initial constitution provided for the preservation of the balance of power between the commonwealth and the states (Singleton et al., 2009, p.64). To this end, the essay will look at the role of the high court in interpreting the wording of the Australian constitution by considering the Engineers case (Amalgamated Society of Engineers Vs Adelaide Steamship Co. Ltd) of 1920. In addition, this essay aims at illustrating the High Court’s role as a political institution of governance through considering the court’s input in supporting the legislation regarding income tax, which was enacted by the Commonwealth in 1942. Overall, the two cases will serve as examples of the roles played by the high court in interpreting the Australian constitution, and acting as a political institution in the Australian system of governance.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The role of the High Court in interpreting the laws Considering that all the constitutional rights of appeal bestowed upon the Privy Council have been abolished in the recent past, it is certain that the Australian constitution allows the High Court to interpret the laws (Singleton et al., 2009, p.65). This implies that all the constitutional cases including appeals originating from different jurisdictions, which bear a greater political significance to the federal government, are referred to the High Court. Here, it is worth noting that most constitutional cases are based on disagreements involving the balance of power between the federal and the state governments particularly in matters dealing with trade, banking, and arbitrations (Singleton et al., 2009, p. 65; Wiltshire, 2008, p. 31). Thus, the decisions made by the High Court regarding these cases can have far-reaching implications since they form the framework for decisions made by other courts se veral years later. Accordingly, since its inception, the High court’s rulings have been centered on controlling the federal powers, giving wider interpretations of the federal powers, sustaining the role played by the Commonwealth in governance without bias, and as can be noted from the recent developments, the High Court is engaged in providing additional interpretations of the powers held by the federal government (Ward Stewart, 2010, p. 105). However, of particular interest in this respect is the court’s role in the Engineers case whereby it was decided that the federal adjudication powers as provided in section 51(xxxv) of the constitution could also apply in other parts of the country including Western Australia (Singleton et al., 2009, p. 66; Ward Stewart, 2010, p. 115). Additionally, regarding the Engineers case, the High Court is said to have given the Commonwealth the full control over worker’s wages at the national level.Advertising We will writ e a custom essay sample on The Role of the High Court in Australia’s system of government specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In so doing, the court can be regarded to as playing the role of reshaping the constitutional interpretations put forward in 1901, and thus, providing a framework upon which the disagreements arising between the Commonwealth and the States can be solved. Here, the court played the role of a constitutional adjudicator considering that despite enlarging the legislative powers of the Commonwealth on one hand, it also confined these powers on the other hand. Further, it is to be noted that the majority of the court was of the idea that the interpretation of the constitution should be based on its original wording, and not on implied prohibitions or implied immunity, which were two major doctrines used by the courts in the early 1900s (Ward Stewart, 2010, p. 119). Therefore, by giving the constitution its norma l word meaning, the High Court extended the powers of the Commonwealth to cover some aspects, which were initially prohibited by interpreting the laws on the basis of the drafters’ wishful meanings of the constitutional wording. However, it should be noted that this broader interpretation of the laws was not meant to give the federal government an upper hand, but it served to check almost all aspects of governance, and to maintain the balance of power between the federal and state governments (Wiltshire, 2008, p. 35). The role of the High Court as a political institution If we had to examine what the drafters of the Australian constitution had in mind, it is certain that they wanted to develop the US-system of the judiciary, which performs various functions such as the federal judicial review (Banks, 2007, p. 18). Here, the role played by the High Court entails examining the laws made in both the Commonwealth and the State legislatures in order to ensure that they fall within the provisions of the constitution.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Accordingly, considering that disputes could arise between the federal and state governments such as the one discussed above, there is the paramount need to have a mediator who should be impartial and unconcerned with issues raised by either party in order for justice to be served. This role could not fit any institution apart from the Australian High Court. As a result, the High Court can be regarded to as an arbiter of federalism or an advocate of the Australian constitution (Patapan, 2010, p.168). It then follows that the decisions made by the High Court will have extensive political implications. For instance, during the war-time in 1942, the federal government came up with a legislation meant to control the overall income tax, a move which was challenged in court by the state governments (Singleton et al., 2009, p. 169). In this constitutional conflict, the High Court ruled in favor of the federal government, and thus gave the Commonwealth the authority to implement uniform tax ation at the national level. This implied that the state governments could not impose their own taxes outside those implemented by the Commonwealth. Besides, it is to be noted that the court also gave a broader meaning of section 90, which entails the Excise, and thus limiting the taxation power of the Commonwealth in some aspects. These decisions of the court point to the fact that it plays a political role in that the High Court has the power to look into the actions of both the legislature and the executive in order to determine whether those actions fall within the exact meaning of the constitution. Furthermore, the case shows instances where the High Court can annul some actions of the executive, which may not be based on proper interpretation of the constitution. Moreover, this case is one of many instances where the High Court came in to help solve constitutional conflicts arising from wrong interpretation of the constitution or obscure laws (Ward Stewart, 2010, p. 105). Her e, it is also important to note that the High Court was acting purely within its constitutional mandate, which dictates that such conflicts be treated as legal questions irrespective of the impending political consequences. Overall, the court’s decisions show that the High Court judges understand their role in the political sphere and judicial review (Patapan, 2010, p. 169). References List Banks, R 2007, Hot topics: legal issues in plain language, Legal Information Access Centre, Australia. Patapan, H 2010, High court, (Insert the publisher and the Town for the book you scanned for me). Singleton et al. 2009, High court, (Insert the publisher and the Town for the book that you scanned for me). Ward, T Stewart, R 2010, Politics one (4th ed), Palgrave MacMillan, Australia. Wiltshire, K 2008, ‘Australian federalism: the business perspective’, The University of  New South Wales Law Journal, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 31-45. This essay on The Role of the High Court in Australia’s system of government was written and submitted by user Renee Becker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Papal Rites And Rituals

Title: â€Å"Papal Rites and Rituals of Death† Exact Purpose: After hearing my speech the audience will be made well aware of the Series of events that must take place in the Roman Catholic Church after the death of a Pope. INTRODUCTION Attention- getter: Since the Saturday of April 2nd 2005 we have been witnessing history in the making! The death of Pope John Paul II has set off a series of rites and rituals that have existed since the founding of the Roman Catholic Church. Credibility: I am and have always been a practicing Roman Catholic, which gives me some experience with in the church. Too add to my credibility I also happen to be a History major and I am currently enrolled in a class that has a focus on the history of religion. Audience motivation: The topic I am addressing today happens to be a current event. In the world we are living in today it is extremely important to have a comprehensive understanding of the events going on around us even if it does not have a direct effect on us. Purpose: The three main points I would like to cover today about these rituals are: Preview: 1) The rituals that take place at the moment of a Pontiff’s death. 2) The lying in state, funeral, and nine day mourning period that surrounds the death of a Pope. 3) Papal election. How it works, what events take place, and what occurs when a new Pontiff is elected. BODY I. What rituals have taken place in the past and will take place in the present at the moment of a Pope’s death A. In Medieval times the Camerlengo (papal chief of staff) was to tap the Pontiff’s forehead three times with a small silver hammer. Each time he was to call out the childhood name of the Pope. When no response occurs the Camerlengo formally declares the Pontiff dead and fills out a death certificate. B. The tapping of the Pope’s forehead was done in the past due to the lack of modern medicine. The church now keeps with... Free Essays on Papal Rites And Rituals Free Essays on Papal Rites And Rituals Title: â€Å"Papal Rites and Rituals of Death† Exact Purpose: After hearing my speech the audience will be made well aware of the Series of events that must take place in the Roman Catholic Church after the death of a Pope. INTRODUCTION Attention- getter: Since the Saturday of April 2nd 2005 we have been witnessing history in the making! The death of Pope John Paul II has set off a series of rites and rituals that have existed since the founding of the Roman Catholic Church. Credibility: I am and have always been a practicing Roman Catholic, which gives me some experience with in the church. Too add to my credibility I also happen to be a History major and I am currently enrolled in a class that has a focus on the history of religion. Audience motivation: The topic I am addressing today happens to be a current event. In the world we are living in today it is extremely important to have a comprehensive understanding of the events going on around us even if it does not have a direct effect on us. Purpose: The three main points I would like to cover today about these rituals are: Preview: 1) The rituals that take place at the moment of a Pontiff’s death. 2) The lying in state, funeral, and nine day mourning period that surrounds the death of a Pope. 3) Papal election. How it works, what events take place, and what occurs when a new Pontiff is elected. BODY I. What rituals have taken place in the past and will take place in the present at the moment of a Pope’s death A. In Medieval times the Camerlengo (papal chief of staff) was to tap the Pontiff’s forehead three times with a small silver hammer. Each time he was to call out the childhood name of the Pope. When no response occurs the Camerlengo formally declares the Pontiff dead and fills out a death certificate. B. The tapping of the Pope’s forehead was done in the past due to the lack of modern medicine. The church now keeps with...

Essay Title Everything You Need to Know

Essay Title Everything You Need to Know Essay Title: Everything You Need to Know Some students may think that the mark for a written assignment completely depends on the text itself. This makes them neglect other important aspects of the work, including its heading. That is why choosing a title should also become an important part of your work, as a wrong heading may greatly influence the quality of your essay. You need to make the audience want to go on reading, open the text and find out what will be next. That is why the words you choose are crucial and you need to be very attentive and serious, when working on your essay title.   You will never get a second chance to make the first impression, so it is more than important to stir interest of the reader and cause a ‘wow’ effect instead of ‘how boring it is going to be’! When you choose a proper title for your work, you get a chance to show your writing skills and an ability to engage the audience. It can be important not only for professional writers but also for students, who want to succeed in life not depending on the sphere they choose. What makes a good essay title When you are starting your work on a headline, you should always get familiar with the main rules and tips that make up a great title. If you know all of them and have mastered everything, there will be no problems with creating a catchy and interesting title. A great title should have following features: Everyone likes easy to read papers and their titles, so try to be as simple as possible. Avoid complicated phrases, not typical fonts and a difficult language; This is probably the most obvious feature of an essay title. Nobody likes reading boring titles and prefers something interesting and fresh; Trying to make a headline as intriguing as possible, many students use inaccurate data and not reliable facts. This is a huge mistake and any professor will ask you to redo your title and make it honest and truthful; Straight-to-the-point. Your title should be clear and brief, conveying the main idea to the reader; Use active voice. It is quite a common rule to use an active voice instead of a passive one, not depending whether you are completing an essay or simply writing its heading; Your title should always correspond with the content of your essay. Don’t try to make a headline, which is far from the truth or has nothing to do with your essay. Elements of an essay title Any type of a paper or even its separate parts should have an outline, as it allows to greatly reduce time, spent on the essay and nerves, when you try to understand how it should look like. Essay title is not an exception and consists of three main elements, which may be of a great use: A ‘hook’. Try to invent a catchy phrase or use a thought-provoking idea to stir interest of the audience; Insert key words. Every topic has keywords, which help the reader to understand what your essay is about. Add a key word or two to your heading to help the audience to see, what you are going to discuss; Additional details. Along with the ‘what’ key words, you can add ‘where or when’ keywords, which will make your title more detailed. For example. Gun Control: How the controversial law can influence US society in the 21st century. The hook – Gun Control; Key words- law, society; Additional details – US, 21st century. Tips on creating a perfect essay title We have already discussed the importance of your essay title, key elements and qualities it should possess. It is now a right time to get familiar with the process of creating a headline. However, if you still don’t know where to start or struggle to complete a catchy title, you need to remember that even the best writers find the whole process complicated. It is not enough to possess outstanding writing skills; you should also be able to catch the general idea of the whole essay in a one short sentence. Leave the title for later It seems quite natural to complete your paper step-by-step, from the first page to the last. However, it is more logical to postpone creating a title until you complete the whole essay. Actually, the best writers never start with completing a title and they let the paper appear, keeping in mind a couple of drafts of a future heading. After completing your essay and understanding its weak and strong sides, you will be able to create a catchy and intriguing title to grab interest of the audience. Such method also helps you to save hours, as after completing an essay you will already know how to name it and won’t spend days trying to figure out where to start. You can spend this time on making a research, completing an essay or simply hanging out with friends. Don’t forget about your thesis Thesis statement, as well as your title, aim to prove the reader that your essay is worth his or her time. That is why you should also delay creating a title and use your thesis statement. It can be the main phrase of the whole sentence or simply a couple key words that you find engaging and interesting. Don’t neglect common words and phrases One of the great ways of catching interest of the reader is to use common clichà ©s and popular phrases, when creating a title. They will make your heading sound catchy, fresh and modern. In addition, a controversial topic, complimented with a popular phrase in the title, will definitely grab reader’s interest. The tone of the title matters It is obvious that your title and the paper itself should have a relevant tone. It means that writing on a scientific or any other serious subject, you need to avoid anecdotes, abbreviations and witty words. If it is a more common paper or even a personal essay, you can use a lively manner and even jokes. Nevertheless, remember that the tone of your work should remain neutral and professional. Don’t forget about quotes When it is appropriate, a quote in a title can be a great move and you will surely attract the audience. However, you need to understand that a quote is not always relevant depending on the topic. If you are writing about a book or a movie, a quote of the main character or a phrase that conveys the general idea of the plot, is more than relevant. Convey the main idea of your essay in a few words One of the most popular techniques of creating an essay title is summing your thesis statement and rendering it in three words. Just choose key words then place a colon and continue with describing the idea of your text. Most of the students neglect spending enough time on creating a catchy and interesting headline, although it is as important, as the rest of the assignment. By using Tutoriages simple tools and advice, you will succeed in creating catchy headlines and will save lots of time for other assignments or personal matters.

Deconstructionism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Deconstructionism - Assignment Example Furthermore, it dissects binary issues, particularly nature versus modernity, truth versus deception, and essence versus appearance. â€Å"Gooseberries† examines the difference between being good, which can lead to the illusion of happiness and power, and doing good, which results to action, truth, and a meaningful life. One of the initial binary oppositions is between nature and modernity, where Chekhov proposes a paradoxical view of nature. In the beginning, nature is separated from modernity, because of the distinction between the towns and the farms. On one side, â€Å"endless, telegraph-posts, and the train† occupy the eyesight, while on the other side, people can see the â€Å"bank of the river; meadows, green willows, farmhouses† (Chekhov 1). Chaos and tedium seem to infiltrate the symbols of modern living, while nature is full of action, diversity, color, and life. Nevertheless, as rain pours on n Ivanich and Bourkin, nature acquires a more sinister dispo sition. What used to be a lovely setting of hills suddenly becomes â€Å"wet, muddy, and unpleasant, and the river looked cold and sullen† (Chekhov 1). At the same time, because the mud made walking a chore, Ivanich and Bourkin look like â€Å"they were angry with each other† (Chekhov 1). ... Nicholai is a perfect example of a wasted life, because all that matters to him is having a happy life with no ideology and care for disadvantaged sectors of society. He worked at the Exchequer Court, but he did nothing of significance, as he held this important job. Instead of ensuring the spread of social justice and equality, he is more concerned of his self-interests. He is obsessed with the idea of having a farm of his own with a gooseberry bush. This obsession drives him to be stingy, not only with money, but with human compassion. For Ivan, his brother unintentionally kills his rich, old wife through starving her to death and making her feel miserable about her life. Through his brother’s case, Ivan argues for the difference between happiness and misery. Nicholai seems to be happy, because he attained his dream, but his gooseberries are â€Å"hard and sour† (Chekhov 4). It suggests that he appears to be happy, but he has a miserable life. He is fat and dying for no evocative purpose at all, except to deceive himself that he has a good life and that he is a good man. Nicholai insists on being called â€Å"His Lordship,† and yet his sloth and vanity are far from the qualities of a true God (Chekhov 4). Nicholai also believes that the masses do not need education and that corporal punishment is justifiable to some extent (Chekhov 4). Ivan expresses disgust for his brother, who has lost in touch with his nature, the nature with real ideals worth living and dying for. Gooseberries are motifs for the difference between doing good and being good. Having a farm and doing nothing to improve its state, especially the state of its people is â€Å"†¦egoism, laziness; it is a kind of monasticism, but monasticism

From world cities to gateway cities & Extending the boundaries of Coursework

From world cities to gateway cities & Extending the boundaries of Globalization theory - Coursework Example Still, there is a lack of attention paid to the cities with less number of populations than in the world’s largest cities. The crucial importance of Globalization theory in the modern context can be seen in its ability to transform the world’s society attitude to the gateway cities as potential global cities, but with their own cultural, political and economic potential. Thus, it is more interesting to discuss the way globalization causes a negative impact on â€Å"gateway cities†. This term, created by Grant (1999) and Grant and Nijman (2000) implies that any city may be a medium for economic, cultural and political relations exchange. Urban experience of the process of globalization has numerous peculiarities and it plays the same crucial role as the experience of the world’s cities (Short et al, 2000). The impact of globalization is evident is even in the small cities. Moreover, a process of globalization emerges in every city and influences on certain aspect of the cities. For example, Prague has been subjected to cultural globalization, Seattle, Sioux Falls were transformed into economic centers. A process of globalization is mediated by means of global cultural models.

Soccer is my Hobby Essay -- Art

Soccer is my Hobby Why soccer is my hobby. Everybody has different hobbies that he or she would like to do for fun or relaxation. They can be either physical activities like jogging, football, swimming, skateboarding†¦ or mental activities like reading, watching movies, playing computers†¦ and depend on each personality. For me, soccer is my hobby because it’s part of my life and I cannot live without it. Living in country like Vietnam, soccer is the king of sport. That is why it is not surprising that my childhood has grown up with the soccer’s ball until today. My mom told me that I liked kicking the ball around and had so much fun with it when I was only about two years old. Since then, playing soccer is my favorite’s sport and it is my hobby whenever I have free time. It is interesting and amazing, especially the feeling when I score a goal or my teammates do it. That feeling fulfills in me like I have just archived something very important. Playing soccer also helps me to relax and be confident when I have stress and frustration. For instant, after doing assignment or studying all day long, I feel tired and exhausted. However, having fun with the ball such as kicking it against the wall or trying to do some tricks, all of my tiresome and exhaustion die out. Moreover, soccer is not only about passing and kicking the ball but also required a lot of thought, and some basic skills. So I often practice it and obviously, I feel healthy and stronger. Besides that, so...

Four characteristics of Biomedical model Essay

1) biologistic – reduces illness to natural to natural biological processes – seeks out a single, clearly identifiable pathogen – loses sight of the social context of the disease 2) mechanistic – insists on a conceptual separation of body and mind – conceives of the body as a machine made up of interrelated parts – disease is attributed to malfunctioning part that requires fixing – loses sight of the whole subject 3) scientistic – regards the scientific method as providing the only means by which to access valid knowledge. – seeks to identify strict scientific principles or laws and hones in what can be directly observed and measured – loses sight of the meanings and feeling associated with the experience of disease 4) emphasis – seeks to care rather than prevent disease, and is therefore largely reactive in nature Five characteristics of Individualist Health Promotion (IHP) 1) is located at the conservative end of public health continuum – that is, it does not require or advocate significant structural change in society 2) focuses on behavioural patterns and lifestyle factors in order to explain the origins of ill health – that is, it looks upstream form biology, regarding diseases as the end product of the way in which people to lead their lives. Ultimately, it is consistent with a psychological orientation 3) aims to educate individuals about the risk factors associated with particular lifestyle choices; with a view to promoting healthy behavioural changes (eg. the ‘smoking kills’ campaign 4) encourage individuals to take responsibility for their health, that is , they are expected to take on board the information provided by health experts, and to use this to monitor numerous lifestyle factors, including diet, alcohol consumption, smoking habits, exercise participation, stress level etc. this process involves ‘internalising the gaze’ of a range of health expert, and it renders more and more area of life ‘relevant’ to one’s health status 5) has a proactive preventative ( is opposed to reactive curative emphasis, whereby it seeks to prevent diseases from occurring by positively influencing health – related behaviours Social Medicine – The ‘radical’ end of the public health continuum – focuses on life chances and social structure – advocates the structural transformation of society – preventative emphasis 1) not only is health influenced by behavioural and lifestyle factors that exist ‘upstream’ from biology, it is also profoundly shaped y board social processes that occur even further ‘upstream’ , and which serve to structure behavioural and lifestyle ‘choices’ in the first place. 2) there is a clear social gradient in the distribution of most diseases , that is, as a general rule, the higher the location in the social hierarchy, the lower the incidence of disease, and vice versa 3) with heart disease, the standard biological predictors (cholesterol levels, blood pressure) and behavioural predictors (smoking, poor diet) account for only one-quarter to one-third of the identifiable social gradient. 4) To adequately explain the social gradient of disease, one must take into account the fundamental, although often subtle, social determinants of ill health. 5) It is not only absolute poverty that causes ill health, but also: – relative inequality (or one’s place in the social hierarch) – the amount of power and control one exercise; at work, and in life more generally – one’s degree of integration into a supportive social network 6) in the workplace and beyond, control over one’s destiny, is a pivotal factor in determining an individual’s health prospects and such control is socially mediated. Health Unhealthy Cause, Responsibility Biomedical model Fortunate Unfortunate No individual and social group is responsible – ill health is a product of nature or biology and is ultimately a matter of fate Individual health promotion Responsible Irresponsible The individual is responsible – ill health is the outcome of unhealthy behaviours and unwise lifestyle choice Social medicine Social Advantage Social Disadvantaged Social group who foster, and profit from, inequality are responsible, ill- health is the product of social organisation

Student Debt Is A Large ( And Growing ) Problem - 1811 Words

Student debt has become a large (and growing) problem. The high levels of student debt have served to perpetuate economic inequality, minimizing the opportunity of higher education. In a speech this year, President Obama called higher education one of the crown jewels of this country and said it was the single most important way to get ahead.† The long term impact of student loans have given students every reason not to want to attend college, including myself. That alone has the potential to harm colleges and universities across the country. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau said student debt is one reason that people between the ages of twenty and thirty seem to be living a prolonged adolescence, or living with their parents.†¦show more content†¦Marco Rubio has committed to tackling college affordability. He is supportive of repayment plans based on percentage of income between students and private investment firms. As president, Rubio will simplify existing incentives to help students pursue higher education and modernize the system to fit twenty-first century economy. â€Å"Our current higher education system is outdated and fundamentally broken. It is too expensive, too time consuming, and too difficult to access,† Marco said. â€Å"To make the 21st century an American century, we must bring higher education within reach of all.† Another candidate with a strong record of advocacy for college affordability is Bernie Sanders, my personal favorite. Bernie has called for tuition-free courses for freshman and sophomores at public universities. He recently developed a plan to provide $18 billion per year in federal grants. â€Å"We must fundamentally restructure our student loan program,† Bernie stated. Sanders’ main concern is with how the American government will be able to afford increased funding for higher education. â€Å"We need a revolution in the way higher education is funded,† Senator Sanders s aid recently during a speech. When asked about his solution to the student loan crisis in an interview, Ben Carson reiterated his belief in the importance of work by saying, â€Å"Many people getShow MoreRelatedThe Cost Of Obtaining A Higher Education1633 Words   |  7 Pagesthe approximate amount of people in the United States that owe a collective total of $1.2 trillion in student loan debt (Dynarski par. 1). They are only gigantic numbers on paper, but in real life, their meaning is life changing. People are struggling in ways that those viewing the numbers can barely fathom, and the effects are alarming. The cost of obtaining a higher education is showing problems for the people, the economy, and the future of America. 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